Standard reference

WFP CARI Guidelines (3rd edition, 2021) (https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000134704/download/)

Section 3.3 Livelihood Coping Strategies. Strategies are grouped into three severity tiers (stress, crisis, emergency). The household classification is determined by the highest-severity strategy adopted.

Values

Code Label Standard code Definition
none No coping The household did not adopt any livelihood coping strategy in the reference period. All strategies were answered 'never' or 'not applicable'.
stress Stress The household adopted at least one stress-tier strategy (spent savings, sold household items, reduced non-food expenses, borrowed money for food) but no crisis or emergency strategy. Stress strategies are reversible and do not erode future productive capacity.
crisis Crisis The household adopted at least one crisis-tier strategy (sold productive assets, withdrew children from school, reduced essential non-food expenditure) but no emergency strategy. Crisis strategies erode future productive capacity and are harder to reverse.
emergency Emergency The household adopted at least one emergency-tier strategy (consumed seed stock, harvested immature crops, sold house or land, whole-household migration, child labour, early marriage, begging). Emergency strategies represent irreversible depletion of assets or adoption of socially harmful practices.

Referenced by this vocabulary

  • WFP LCS (CARI) World Food Programme, Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM), 2021